Malnutrition is the main concept that is involved in both of these two diseases, kwashiorkor and marasmus for espeically young pediatric patients from impoverished and developing nations. Protein and energy malnutrition and deficiencies of specific micronutrients including iron, zinc, and vitamins increase susceptibility to infection. A malnutrition state that is produced by severe protein deficiency. Start studying nutrition 10 kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor or bilateral pitting oedema sorry, you need the flash player to view these lessons. Marasmus group 12 marasmus derived from the greek word marasmos which means waste away. While the marasmus occurs due to energy deficiency. It is actually a combination of two pediatric diseases very commonly encountered, kwashiorkor and marasmus. Marasmus latin, from greek marasmos, from marainein to waste away is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by extreme weight loss. State in which virtually all available body fat stores have been exhausted due to starvation. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The epigenome and developmental origins of health and disease, 2016. Ramirez prada d1, delgado g, hidalgo patino ca, pereznavero j, gil campos m. Malnutrition is one of the most important health problems of the world. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The presence of peripheral edema distinguishes children with kwashiorkor from those with marasmus and nutritional dwarfism fig. Starvation diarrhea frequent small stools containing mucus may be present. Malnutrition and infection in industrialized countries table 1. Marasmus is known as the wasting syndrome malnutrition without edema. Kwashiorkor and marasmus n our rapidly shrinking world, illnesses that have not been of great concern in the united states have. Using of who guidelines for the management of severe. Based on clinical classification, acute malnutrition can be categorized into 3 forms viz. Two main types of this undernutrition are marasmus and kwashiorkor. Aflatoxins were detected more often and at higher concentrations in sera from children with kwashiorkor than in. Kwashiorkor is an african word that means weaning disease.
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edemaand an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. Marasmus leads to a more extensive impairment of biological functions when compared to kwashiorkor. Marasmus, kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor while based on severity, it acute malnutrition can be classified as moderate acute malnutrition mam, severe acute malnutrition sam and global acute malnutrition gam. Marasmus is not the only syndrome that results from severe malnutrition. The term malnutrition addresses 3 broad groups of conditions. What is the difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Using of who guidelines for the management of severe malnutrition to cases of marasmus and kwashiorkor in a colombia childrens hospital. Unlike marasmus, kwashiorkor causes the body to retain fluid in the lower legs, feet, arms, hands, and face, leading to a swollen appearance. Malnutrition is a serious condition occurred due to insufficient intake of nutrients in the diet. It is different than marasmus, a form of malnutrition that is due to lack of calories proteins are responsible for. In these types of malnutrition, there is protein diet deficiency because of inadequate food intake, poor quality of food, or the. Malnutrition, its causes and types of malnutrition. It is seen more frequently among children who are younger than. Difference between marasmus and kwashiorkor compare the.
The main cause is nutritional imbalance in early childhooda diet very low in protein and dominated by carbohydrates such as cassava, sweet potatoes. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. P em or proteinenergy malnutrition is a macronutrient deficiency rather than micronutrient deficiency. While the marasmus occurs due to energy deficiency, kwashiorkor is attributed to protein deficiency, the two being most common in children. Its more likely due to malnutrition over a long period.
Jul 17, 2019 kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edemaand an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. Kwashiorkor is the result of severe malnutrition or lack of protein. Kwashiorkor occurs in children weaned from breastfeeding because of the mothers new pregnancy and fed instead sugar drinks or starch diets with minimal intake of proteins, vitamins and. Kwashiorkor is severe childhood malnutrition characterised by oedema, often showing as swelling in the hands and feet. We concluded that the child with protein energy malnutrition was wasting from lack of food and living partially on its own tissues 16. Kwashiorkor symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Malnutrition increases the risk of infection and infectious disease, and moderate malnutrition weakens every part of the immune system. Whats the difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus. Epidemiology kwashiorkor is almost never seen in the developed world. These forms of serious proteinenergy malnutrition represent a group of pathologic conditions associated with a nutritional and energy. Kwashiorkor protein malnutrition predominant marasmus deficiency in calorie intake marasmic kwashiorkor marked protein deficiency and marked calorie insufficiency signs present, sometimes referred to as the most severe form of malnutrition pem is fairly common worldwide in both children and adults and accounts for 6 million deaths annually. Kwashiorkor is the edematous form of proteinenergy malnutrition and is distinguished from marasmus by the presence of edema, hypoalbuminemia, and dermatosis.
Proteinenergy malnutrition kwashiorkor and marasmus. In short a child with marasmus will look emaciated, while a child with kwashiorkor will look bloated. The two terms do differ with respect to their definition, clinical symptoms, sings, biochemical changes seen and the management. Sorry, you need the flash player to view these lessons. Marasmus involves inadequate intake of protein and calories, without the presences of edema. Proteinenergy malnutrition describes a spectrum of diseases that are a result of inadequate nutrients that often affect children living in poor communities of developing countries. Golden and others published marasmus and kwashiorkor. Apr 11, 2018 basics about severe acute malnutrition sam with difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Recent pathophysology infection has been found as a risk factor for the development of kwashiorkor, many caretakers report diarrhea as a precipitating factor in kwashiorkor. Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in a persons intake of energy andor nutrients. Malnutrition in children is not affected by food intake alone. Kwashiorkor and marasmus both fall in category of malnutrition. While kwashiorkor is a disease of edematous malnutrition, marasmus is similar in appearance. It is estimated that between onehalf and twothirds of the worlds population suffers from it. The word kwashiorkor comes from the ga language of west africa and can be translated as disease of the displaced child because it was commonly seen after weaning. It is caused by sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, which distinguishes it from marasmus. Marasmus is another type of malnutrition that can affect young children in regions of the world where theres an unstable food supply. Nutritional disorder protein energy malnutritionpem. Signs of marasmus include thinness and loss of fat and muscle without any tissue swelling. International journal of health sciences and research. Golden, university of aberdeen, aberdeen, scotland, for his extensive contribution to the development of the. List etiology factors for kwashiorkor, and marasmus.
Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition that is caused due to insufficient intake of proteins, whereas marasmus is caused due to insufficient intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Kwashiorkor is a more severe condition, associated with higher mortality than marasmus, so it may be argued that larger babies forecast a more plentiful nutritional environment during their development and were maladapted to low nutritional planes 70. Marasmic kwashiorkor combined wasting and bilateral pitting oedema. Kwashiorkor is a kind of malnutrition that is most often found in children. Dec 09, 2012 objectives define the definition of malnutrition, kwashiorkor, and marasmus. In these types of malnutrition, there is protein diet deficiency because of inadequate food intake, poor quality of food, or the presence of diseases that modify nutrient absorption.
Marasmus, a form of proteinenergy malnutrition occurring chiefly among very young children in developing countries, particularly under famine conditions, in which a mothers milk supply is greatly reduced. Keywords malnutrition, kwashiorkor, marasmus, food items. Both may help identify the underlying public health causes of malnutrition in emergencies, e. The growth of the child is completely halted and catabolism of tissues ensues in an attempt to deliver daily energy. It is common in young children weaned to a diet consisting chiefly of cereal grains, cassava, plantain, and sweet potato or similar. Biochemical evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency efad may exist in protein energy malnutrition pem. Sam severe acute malnutrition kwashiorkor vs marasmus. Learn how to spot this condition and how to prevent it. Marasmus and kwashiorkor free download as powerpoint presentation. It occurs due to deficiency of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the diet.
Malnutrition kwashiorkor and marasmus symptoms and treatment see online here one of the most common reasons for the death of almost 300,000 children per year is malnutrition. Having a diet thats mainly carbohydrates can lead to this condition. Unlike marasmus, kwashiorkor causes the body to retain fluid in the lower legs, feet, arms, hands, and face, leading to a. Marasmus is a serious form of malnutrition that affects more than 50 million children below 5 years of age worldwide. Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus kwashiorkor vs. Marasmus has a higher prevalence rate in low income and developing countries. It is common in young children weaned to a diet consisting chiefly of cereal grains, cassava, plantain, and sweet potato or similar starchy foods. Causes, symptoms, and treatment medical news today.
Objectives define the definition of malnutrition, kwashiorkor, and marasmus. Failure to gain weight may result in emaciation and loss of skin turgor. In marasmus the skin of the child also becomes thin and wrinkled and loses elasticity, while in kwashiorkor lesions are visible. It leads to wasting, or the loss of body fat and muscle. Malnutrition kwashiorkor and marasmus symptoms and.
In this form of malnutrition, the body has compensated and adapts to. The two terms do differ with respect to their definition, clinical symptoms, sings, biochemical change. The other 2 forms are kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor 1. Serum colloidal osmotic pressure in the development of kwashiorkor and in recovery. Kwashiorkor is most often encountered in developing countries in which the diet is high in starch and low in proteins. Malnutrition kwashiorkor and marasmus symptoms and treatment. Girls are more at risk of malnutrition than boys because of their lower social status. Marasmus is a state of protein energy malnutrition that results from a slow and inadequate source of energy and protein intake. Kwashiorkor is the name given to the syndrome of severe protein malnutrition. The original view that kwashiorkor resulted from protein lack in the presence ofadequate, evenexcess carbohydrate, in contrast to marasmus which followeddeficiency ofenergyalone, is notnowaccepted. Kwashiorkor, also called protein malnutrition, condition caused by severe protein deficiency. The children comprised 44 with kwashiorkor, 32 with marasmic kwashiorkor, 70 with marasmus, and 106 agematched, normally nourished controls. This is the result either of chronic insufficiency of food or of inadequacy of the protective foods necessary for a healthy life, or a combination of both situations. Children who develop kwashiorkor are often older than children who develop marasmus.
Kwashiorkor is another severe form of proteinenergy malnutrition where the main deficiency is protein. Jackson and others published protein energy malnutrition. Marasmus results from the inadequate intake of both protein and calories. Kwashiorkor is a debilitating and lifethreatening condition caused by the lack of protein in the diet distribution of kwashiorkor. It happens when the intake of nutrients and energy is too low for a persons needs. More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of kwashiorkor is available below. Marasmus is another type of malnutrition that can affect young children in regions of the world where theres an unstable food supply a diet that is very low in both protein and calories. Physiopathology find, read and cite all the research you need on.
For example, it is a major risk factor in the onset of active tuberculosis. Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus kwashiorkor. Like kwashiorkor, marasmus is caused by a lack of the right types of nutrients. Marasmus kwashiorkor intermediate marked by protein deficiency and marked by calorie insufficiency signs present, sometimes referred to as the most severe form of malnutrition. Kwashiorkor is a serious form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein. Jul 22, 2016 marasmus occurs more often in young children and babies. Marasmus is a form of pem which is characterized by muscle wasting and shrunken appearance of.
Protein energy malnutrition has been identified as a major health and nutrition problem in the developing countries which is manifested as marasmus or kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor cases occur in areas of famine or poor food supply. The word kwashiorkor comes from an african word meaning first child second child. It is characterized by decreased anthropometric mea surements and is usually well toler ated in the absence of stress, unless it is severe. Apr 04, 2020 kwashiorkor and marasmus are two major types of proteinenergy malnutrition that are distinguished from each other based on clinical setting, time course to development, clinical features, and diagnostic criteria. Explain assessment findings, laboratory findings in kwashiorkor, and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is the edematous form of protein energy malnutrition. Nutrition 10 kwashiorkor and marasmus flashcards quizlet. Marasmus complications, treatment and prevention medtrend. The symptoms of marasmus are physical weakness, flabby body, elevated ribs, depressed eyes, dry skin etc. The exact methods and priorities for doing this tended to fluctuate over the years, with varying levels of focus on different types of malnutrition like kwashiorkor or marasmus. While the marasmus occurs due to energy deficiency, kwashiorkor is attributed to protein deficiency, the two being most common in. You have this if your body has a severe calorie or protein.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of proteinenergy malnutrition in early childhood. Children suffering from these form of malnutrition may have a very high mortality rate when afflicted by intercurrent illnesses 1. Proteinenergy undernutrition is sometimes called proteinenergy malnutrition. Management will be discussed in our upcoming video. Marasmic kwashiorkor is the third form of proteinenergy malnutrition that combines features and symptoms of both marasmus and kwashiorkor. Sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, distinguishes it from marasmus. An evaluation of factors associated with the depression of immunity in malnutrition and in measles. Marasmus is one of the 3 forms of serious proteinenergy malnutrition. Oct 24, 2018 the presentation of malnutrition is outlined in table 1. This may occur in children four months to five years of age, but is common among kids between one and three.
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